Exploring Aboriginal culture in Sydney

This special episode of Branch Out includes a sneak peek of the popular Aboriginal Heritage Tour at the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney where you'll discover the diverse history, traditions and plant uses from Gadigal country. 

You'll also hear from a proud Dharawal elder John Foster and his passionate daughter Shannon who share some of their personal struggles and how they are keeping their culture alive through storytelling, advocacy, art and research.   

Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for over 60,000 years and there were once over 500 different clan groups. A mistake that most people make about Aboriginal people is that their language, culture, traditions and beliefs are all the same.

Alone in the area now known as Sydney there are about 29 different clan groups, referred collectively as the Eora Nation. In the area the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney is located the traditional owners are the Gadigal who have a unique affinity with Sydney’s harbour and lands.

On a recent Aboriginal Heritage Tour at the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Aboriginal Education Officer Kalkani Choolburra shared a curious and practical tradition from Gadigal culture. 

“Gadigal women used to tie material around a baby girl’s pinky finger just below the second joint. Once the pinky finger fell off, it was placed in the ocean,” said Kalkani.

The removal of the finger is a practice known as ‘malgun’ and Kalkani says it was performed for a couple of reasons. 

“Gadigal women were hand and line fishers and without the pinky finger it made it easier for them to cast their line and carry out their fishing duties. Because the pinky finger is so much shorter than the other fingers the line always had a tendency of getting caught on it,” said Kalkani.

“The tradition of putting the finger into the ocean is also to symbolise and promote a sense of sustainability and appreciation of being able to give something back to the sea for taking something from it (fish),” said Kalkani.

If you live in Sydney, you've almost certainly seen a plant called Lomandra. It has long and flat green leaves and heavily scented flowers from late winter to early Spring. It’s a very hardy plant that is often found growing on median strips because it’s so drought tolerant.

There are 51 species of Lomandra and they are all native to Australia. Kalkani says Lomandra is known as the ‘corner shop’ in some Aboriginal people’s cultures because it’s such a vital source of food and survival.

“If you pull the long green blades out of the ground you can chew on the end of them for some hydration and nourishment - they taste like raw cabbage or fresh baby peas,” said Kalkani.  

“Aboriginal people also gathered the smooth strap-shaped leaves from the water’s edge to make useful things like baskets,” said Kalkani. 

Another Aboriginal clan group in the Sydney area are the Dharawal people. John Foster is a Dharawal elder born in the 40's to an Aboriginal father and a white mother on a mission in La Perouse (a suburb in south-eastern Sydney).

Missions were areas of land set aside by the church and the state to relocate Aboriginal people and evangelise them. 

"But my family and my community never let me forget my Aboriginal background and I've always been a real proud Dharawal Aboriginal man," said John. 

John and his siblings were the only Aboriginal children at school and he says that discrimination can affect a child from a very young age. 

"Discrimination was my education - it's made me who I am today," said John. 

John said he had to do a lot of fighting at school to stand up against discrimination and his brother encouraged him to join the Police Citizens Youth Club (PCYC) to channel his energy into boxing. Turns out John was quite the athlete and even went on to play other sports like hockey. 

John is incredibly resilient and he focused all of his efforts in his early life on working hard and he was eventually able to buy his own home with his wife. 

"My education didn't start until I was in my 40's when I got an art certificate, which represented a trade certificate and it led to me getting my job with CRS Australia," said John. 

John also became an ambassador for Aborginal people with disabilities and one of the last things he did when he retired was address the United Nations.

For over 80 years John has kept his Aboriginal culture and identify alive and his daughter Shannon is living proof of that success. 

Shannon Foster is currently completing a PhD at the University of Technology in Sydney at the Centre for the Advancement in Indigenous Knowledges. Part of her research involves documenting her family's history and stories. 

"For so many generations there's been no opportunity to tell our stories and the relief and carthardic process to see my elders finally tell their stories is really powerful," said Shannon. 

Shannon and her family all live next door to her father John where they are also proudly keeping their culture alive in the home. 

"It's a really surreal moment when we sit in our background and my dad is playing the didgeridoo, the kids are playing the clap sticks and my sister is singing. It's amazing, we're smack bang in the middle of Sydney and we're having our own corroboree," said Shannon. 

On top completing her PhD Shannon is also a talented artist and is committed to showcasing the 'Sydney style' of Aboriginal art. 

"The Sydney style is all about leaving our mark on a place. In the caves and shell middens around Sydney you'll find hand stencils everywhere," said Shannon. 

"I also incorporate country into my artwork. I'll go down to the harbour and collect water, sand, grass and mud. I'm just there as a tool - as a way for that country to get on the canvas," said Shannon. 

Shannon was also selected by the City of Sydney to create artwork for the NAIDOC week and her creation titled 'Naba Gumal' meaning 'Friends and Family' was beautifully displayed on banners around the city.