Clearing for farming and urban development have reduced its original extent to small remnants, many of which are under threat. Cumberland Plain Woodland is now listed as a Critically Endangered Ecological Community under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act and the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.
The Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan includes natural remnants of Cumberland Plain Woodland vegetation. These are being managed for their long-term protection, and as sites for scientific research, particularly on the biodiversity and ecology of Cumberland Plain Woodland.